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- Category: About Persian Architecture and Badrood
Badrood is a magic mirror of beautiful colours. From the top of the mountain, Karkas , boarding the area, it looks like a green ring in the desert .Bad is one of the broad oases along the road between Qom and Yazd, along the deserts in the center of Iran. Its charm is thus mainly due to contrast between the vastness of the desert and the greenery of the oase.
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http://www.rahgoshaymuseum.com/en/museum-sections/27-about-persian-architecture-and-badrood-en#sigProGalleria07e6a8c707
This city is located in the north of Isfahan .geographically along the 52 degree and 2 min and across the 33 degree and 41 min.
It is located 30 kilometers far from Natanz , about 60 kilometers far from Kashan and about 1000 meters above sea level.
History
According to current documents , the old name of this city was BAD (wind), existing before the Muslim Conquest of Persia in 644 ,which led to the end of the Sassanid Empire and to the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia.
The name of the city is based on one of the four vital factors of life (wind,water,earth and fire).The months and the days of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar are dedicated to, and named after, a divinity or divine concept. Day 16, leading the second half of the month, is dedicated to the divinity of oath, Mithra and followed by Verethragna, Rāman, Vāta , respectively the hypostases of victory, the breath of life, and the (other) divinity of the wind and 'space'.
Many historians have evoked the name of the city of Bad in their works.
The excavations of Arisman show that this old civilization (c.4000 BC) mastered the smelting of useful metals like copper and silver.Pottery kilns demonstrate the technological skills of the time when humans managed to conduct pottery firing at specific temperature .These recent excavations and archaeological research reveal a new location of one of the major pottery-manufacturing areas in Kavir area, in western central Iran.
For historians and archaeologists, pottery of a certain period manifests the contemporary social organisation, economic conditions and cultural stage of that particular region. In Iran pottery manufacture has a long and brilliant history. Due to the special geographical position of the country, being at the crossroads of ancient civilizations and on important caravan routes and also on the silk road, almost every part of Iran was, at times, involved in pottery making.
TOURISTIC ATTRACTIONS
Hamam Nooghe
An old and beautiful bathhouse built at the Safavieh period.Now restored and transformed into a museum. Wax dummies will soon illustrate the workings of a traditional bathhouse.
Adine Mosque
It includes two ten- meter clay-made columns and an old porch. The ruins are identified as the remains of a Zoroastrian fire temple, probably mitraist,then it was converted into a mosque after Muslim Conquest .
Agha Ali Abbas Mosque
In this holy shrine . the two sons of Imam Moussa Kazem ( the brothers of Imam Reza) have been buried. Imam Reza, the 8Th Shiite Imam , is the only of the 12 Imams buried in Iran.The dome of this Mosque is reputated to be the greatest dome in the Middle East . Decorations including the design of flowers & leaves in various manner, symmetrical and geometrical designs which are made in different styles of bricklaying, working glazed tile and plaster moulding make a sumptuous combination.
http://www.rahgoshaymuseum.com/en/museum-sections/27-about-persian-architecture-and-badrood-en#sigProGalleriae567719822
Fortress Karshahy
This is one of the most beautiful sun-dried mud brick castle of Iran .It was at ancient times a military base designed for defence in warfare . Nayab Hossein Kashi ( Nayebian) occupied this place at the end of the Qajar dynasty. He took refuge there as he was pursued by the central gouverment, at the time that Hassan Vossough (Vossoughdoleh ) was Prime Minist.
http://www.rahgoshaymuseum.com/en/museum-sections/27-about-persian-architecture-and-badrood-en#sigProGalleria9b398943a9
Excavations in Arisman: Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Western Central Iran
The Arisman Excavations are runing since 2000 as a cooperation project between the Eurasia Section of the German Archaeological Institute, the Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization and the Geological Survey of Iran.
Arisman excavations form part of a larger project focussing on ancient mining and metallurgy in the western part of the Central Iranian Plateau that includes the prospection of ore resources, the documentation of ancient mining traces, and the investigation of prehistoric metal processing in a specialized settlement - Arisman. Investigating the cultural and historical development of western Central Iran at the crossroads between Susiana, Turkmenistan and Belutchistan is a second research objective.
Arisman was occupied from the first half of the 4th to the early 3rd mill. BC. The oldest occupation of the so-called "Sialk IV period" (first half - middle of 4th mill. BC) consists of domestic houses built in pisé, excavated in area B. Shortly after that, workshops existed in the ruins of these houses. Five pottery kilns demonstrate the later occupation of the so-called "Sialk IV period" (c. 3000 BC) was exposed in area C. It consists of densely arranged, urban layout mudbrick houses. The brick format, the pottery and the seals demonstrate the cultural affiliation of Arisman with the Proto-Elamite culture. Metal worskshops for the processing of copper and silver, such as large fire platforms, existed inside the houses.
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http://www.rahgoshaymuseum.com/en/museum-sections/27-about-persian-architecture-and-badrood-en#sigProGalleriaee9714e19f
70 Pochtoo.
A qanāt is a water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water for human settlements and irrigation in hot, arid and semi-arid climates.
The qanat technology has been developed on the Iranian plateau and possibly also in the Arabian peninsula sometime in the early 1st millennium BC spread from there slowly west- and eastward.
The value of a qanat is directly related to the quality, volume and regularity of the water flow. Much of the population of Iran and other arid countries in Asia and North Africa historically depended upon the water from qanats; the areas of population corresponded closely to the areas where qanats are possible. Although a qanat was expensive to construct, its long-term value to the community, and therefore to the group who invested in building and maintaining it, was substantial.
http://www.rahgoshaymuseum.com/en/museum-sections/27-about-persian-architecture-and-badrood-en#sigProGalleriab7dd284e17
Technical features
Cross-section of a Qanat.
Qanats are constructed as a series of well-like vertical shafts, connected by gently sloping tunnels. Qanats tap into subterranean water in a manner that efficiently delivers large quantities of water to the surface without need for pumping. The water drains relying on gravity, with the destination lower than the source, which is typically an upland aquifer. Qanats allow water to be transported over long distances in hot dry climates without losing a large proportion of the water to seepage and evaporation.
It is very common in the construction of a qanat for the water source to be found below ground at the foot of a range of foothills of mountains, where the water table is closest to the surface. From this point, the slope of the qanat is maintained closer to level than the surface above, until the water finally flows out of the qanat above ground. To reach an aquifer, qanats must often extend for long distances.
The vertical shafts may be covered to minimize in-blown sand. The channels of qanats must be periodically inspected for erosion or cave-ins, cleaned of sand and mud and otherwise repaired. Air flow must be assured before entry for safety. When these galleries were silted up, water could not be brought to surface any more to irrigate. Shoring and maintenance work of the galleries is at the origin of all this excavated ground, piled up and compressed in the form of hills or "pochtoo".
The figure of 70 is symbolic , it indicates an alignment of a very significant number of these hills from 3 to 5 meters in height, located at the North-East of Badrood.
- Details
- Category: About Persian Architecture and Badrood
Being situated on the edge of deserts and arid regions, Persian (Iranian) cities typically have hot summers, and cold, dry winters. Thus Iran's traditional architecture is designed in proportion to its climatic conditions, and more than often, the unique fabled artistic background of Persia makes up for the seemingly lack of natural resources and beauty.
Iran's old city fabric is composed of narrow winding streets called koocheh with high walls of adobe and brick, often roofed at various intervals. This form of urban design, which used to be commonplace in Iran, is an optimal form of desert architecture that minimizes desert expansion and the effects of dust storms. It also maximizes daytime shades, and insulates the "fabric" from severe winter temperatures.
Islamic beliefs coupled with the necessity to defend cities against frequent foreign invasions encouraged traditional Persian residential architects to create inward seeking designs amidst these narrow complicated koochehs, weaving tightly knit residential neighborhoods. Thus the house becomes the container as opposed to the contained. These houses possess an innate system of protection, they all have enclosed gardens with maximum privacy, preventing any view into the house from the outside world. Hence residential architecture in Persia was designed in a way so as to provide maximum protection to the inhabitants during times of tension and danger, while furnishing a microcosm of tranquility that protected this inner "paradise garden".
Characteristics of traditional Persian residential architecture
Almost all traditional Persian houses were designed in order to satisfy the following essential features:
- Hashti and Dalan-e-vorudi: Entering the doorway one steps into a small enclosed transitional space called Hashti. Here one is forced to redirect one's steps away from the street and into the hallway, called Dalan e Vorudi...
- Convenient access to all parts of the house.
- A central pool with surrounding gardens containing figs and pomegranates tree and grape vines.
- Important partitionings such as the biruni (exterior) and the andaruni (interior).
- Specific orientation facing toward and away from Mecca.
Furthermore,Persian houses in central Iran were designed to make use of an ingenious system of wind catchers that creates unusually cool temperatures in the lower levels of the building. Thick massive walls were designed to keep the sun's heat out in the summertime while retaining the internal heat in the winters.
Persia's distinctive artistic heritage with efficient yet ancient technical know-how thus created houses and spaces whose features were aesthetic talars and roofscapes with intriguing light wells, as well as intricate window and mirror works, paintings and reliefs.
